is the caret for omitted text an ancient or modern insertion mark?

Steven Avery

Administrator
Los Lunas Decalogue Stone
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Los_Lunas_Decalogue_Stone

Cyrus Gordon (1909 – 2001), a scholar of Near Eastern languages

Barry Fell (1917 – 1994), a professor of zoology and amateur epigrapher who was an expert on starfish and sea urchins but best known for his work in the world of pseudoarchaeology. Specifically, he argued that the Americas were visited by all sorts of Old World travelers long before Columbus ever set sail. He based this on his “translations” of ancient writings found in the Americas, the majority of which were fakes, frauds, and hoaxes.

"Theories" would be fine by me -- Gordon's theory is that it's a legitimate Greco/Samaritan mezuzah. Feder's is that it's a fake. There's also a dispute over whether the caret used to indicate the insertion point for the omitted line can be ancient or if it's a relatively modern printer's mark. (Fell points out a similar mark in a Greek MS, the 4c Codex Sinaiticus if I'm not mistaken.) — Preceding unsigned comment added by HuMcCulloch (talk • contribs) 00:50, 28 February 2013 (UTC)

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Who:​

Frank Hibben (1910-2002), a professor of archaeology from the University of New Mexico was the first to make the stone public. Hibben is something of a controversy at UNM and is used as an example in classes on how not to do archaeology. Apparently Hibben wasn’t beyond tweaking the data here and there to make it look good. In the past 2-3 decades, Hibben’s research has come into question often through publications that dispute claims like that of the Sandia Cave, where Hibbens claimed to find undisturbed sediments dating to 25,000 years ago that showed human occupation.

The Sandia claim was discredited by Haynes and Agogino who concluded that the points found in the cave were “definitely less than 14,000 years old. ” And in the 1970s, Hibben’s claim of Folsom points at a site in Chinitna Bay, Alaska was also shown to be false.

George E. Morehouse (some spellings are Moorehouse) ( ? ), a professional geologist in the mining industry. Examined the stone in the 1980s and described it in geologic terms as well as making an age determination of the text based on its features. Morehouse wrote about it in a newsletter for a club of amateur epigraphers that lean heavily toward pseudoscience and pseudoarchaeology.

Cyrus Gordon (1909 – 2001), a scholar of Near Eastern languages and culture. He examined the Los Lunas Stone early on and came up with a hypothesis.

Barry Fell (1917 – 1994), a professor of zoology and amateur epigrapher who was an expert on starfish and sea urchins but best known for his work in the world of pseudoarchaeology. Specifically, he argued that the Americas were visited by all sorts of Old World travelers long before Columbus ever set sail. He based this on his “translations” of ancient writings found in the Americas, the majority of which were fakes, frauds, and hoaxes.

James D. Tabor (1946- ), a biblical scholar and sometime proponent of pseudoarchaeological ideas (James ossuary, Jesus tomb…) interviewed Hibbens in 1996 and believes “ancient Israelites explored and settled in the New World in the centuries before the Common Era.”


 
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Steven Avery

Administrator

It is said that the earliest known use of an insertion mark or caret is 1681, my question is, why didn’t anyone question the one found in 1681? Is its use in the Los Lunas stone evidence of the very earliest known use of the Caret? Evidence of a fraud, or evidence of someone in recent years attempting to change what an original inscription said because it did not fit their agenda or to render it a hoax and not understanding that the use of the Caret is likely a modern invention? It is my belief that the second line “Thou Shalt have no other God before me” was added in at a more modern date as it was not necessary to even be a part of the commandment as the commandment would have been complete without it. It is my opinion that the second line was added by someone in modern times, meaning Roman Colonies or even the Spanish. It was NOT included by the original scribe, because at the time it was originally inscribed, the so called commandment DIDN’T EXIST.

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Jason Colavito
The Los Lunas inscription also contains a caret, a modern proofreading symbol, one not used before the modern era.

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Equally damning is the inscriber’s use of what is known as a ‘caret’. This is the upside-down V placed under a piece of text where something has been missed out. Sometimes found in ancient Latin and Greek texts, it is not known in Hebrew until the Middle Ages. To make matters worse, it is above a dot that seems to be a full stop (or period); full stops did not exist in ancient Hebrew. Moreover, there are Greek letters of a slightly later date mixed in with Hebrew forms and some eccentric uses. F
 
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Steven Avery

Administrator
https://www.ceros.com/inspire/originals/design-decoded-caret/
Design Decoded: Ceros Explains the Caret

The caret is that little chevron-shaped icon that you can hardly avoid on any website today. It might look like nothing more than an arrow, but it’s not quite that simple. Press play to discover its whole history.

....

We’ll tell you where it came from—you’d be surprised—and why you see it everywhere. The caret is a carrot- or chevron-shaped mark that was originally used in proofreading. The word “caret” goes all the way back to the year 1681. The early days of printing—yes, printing. It’s an editing symbol that means, basically, “insert missing thing here.”

In the last century, versions of it have appeared in mathematics, logic languages, computer programming, and more. It was so valuable because it was simple, recognizable, and didn’t mean anything in English. It’s even on the QWERTY keyboard because it’s used in French (like in the word “hôtel”) and other languages. Today, the caret is the go-to icon for any up and down motion—like swipe-ups and accordion menus (a.k.a. dropdowns), where it means the same thing it always has: “insert something here.”
 
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Steven Avery

Administrator
Virgil Brown

Barry Fell and the Los Lunas Inscription
http://www.ramtops.co.uk/loslunas.html

Carets and the like are not unknown in antiquity. But the upside down V mark does not appear in any Hebrew text before Medieval times. It may appear in Codex Sinaiticus (I have not had the chance to check yet), but it does not occur in Hebrew texts.
 

Steven Avery

Administrator
Mark’s Ending in the Digital Age:
Paratextual Evidence, New Findings and Transcription Challenges
Mina Monier
https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_F1A56F977830.P001/REF


When he prepared the first printed edition of the first Greek New Testament (Erasmus
1516, 116),18 Erasmus had on his table three Greek exemplars for the Gospels: GA 1, 2 and 817.19 His
main base text was GA 2, which he used as the printer’s copy, by adding to it page breaks and notes from
other witnesses (De Jonge 2019, 17). This minuscule has the majority reading, yet he added the caret
(insert) symbol ⁁ after αναστάς δὲ and “, ὁ Ἰησοῦς” in the right margin of the folio.20


18 Later, Erasmus produced his definitive edition in 1519, that was used as a base text to later key translations in
Europe (p. 112). DOI: <https://doi.org/10.3931/e-rara-45895>.

19 On his sources, see De Jonge (2019, 1-25). See also Andrist (2016, 81-124).

20 Folio 118 r : < https://mr-mark16.sib.swiss/show?id=R0Ey >
 

Steven Avery

Administrator
SCRIBAL HABITS IN SELECTED NEW TESTAMENT MANUSCRIPTS,
INCLUDING THOSE WITH SURVIVING EXEMPLARS
by
ALAN TAYLOR FARNES
https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/8285/1/Farnes18PhD.pdf

0319 ... And other signs are employed, the meaning of which is not always easily explicable: for instance, ⸓ or ÷, which sometimes is used as a caret to indicate an omission to be made good …, sometimes acts as a reference mark for a marginal note … , and sometimes may have a quite separate signification.”310

310 Turner, Greek Manuscripts, 14.

Turner, Eric Gardner
Greek Manuscripts of the Ancient World. BASPSup 47. 2d edition.
Edited by P. J. Parsons. London: University of London, 1987
https://archive.org/details/greekmanuscripts0000turn/page/14/mode/1up

p. 17
1703211091662.png
 
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Steven Avery

Administrator
1894
https://ccel.org/ccel/scrivener/ntcrit2/ntcrit2/Page_369.html

Erasmus did not find this verse in his [codex] 1 or 2815, but derived the wording [13] from the margin of [codex] 2816: see [his annotation], where he suggests that it was originally omitted by scribal error… Consequently, he inserted a caret mark at the end of vs. 36 in [codex] 2815, accompanied by a symbol in the margin, to indicate that an addition was required. The subject was further discussed in his [letter to Lee] LB IX, 207 CE. [14]

We have this here
 

Steven Avery

Administrator
Nothing in Jongkind

Nothing in New Perspectives
except p. 101 about a tilde-shaped caret that references an addition

Parker
p. 51
Secondly, scribes have distinctive habits which are unconscious,
and so harder than letter shapes to control. One is the way in which
they compress text at the ends of lines, either by writing small, or
combining letters, in order to be able to break words across lines
according to the rules. D is distinctive in the use of the caret, a space
filler like an angle bracket.
p. 58
lines to a column instead of the usual forty-eight, and there are a
greater number of fillers (carets) to pad out the text. Even so. the text
 
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Steven Avery

Administrator
Blanks, Print, Space, and Void in English Renaissance Literature: An Archaeology of Absence
Jonathan Sawday
https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-rIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA305

PIC **

Jonathan Sawday
Oxford University Press, Jul 28, 2023 - Literary Criticism - 592 pages
Blanks, Print, Space, and Void in English Renaissance Literature is an inquiry into the empty spaces encountered not just on the pages of printed books in c.1500-1700, but in Renaissance culture more generally. The book argues that print culture in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries helped to foster the modern idea of the 'gap' (where words, texts, images, and ideas are constructed as missing, lost, withheld, fragmented, or perhaps never devised in the first place). It re-imagines how early modern people reacted not just to printed books and documents of many different kinds, but also how the very idea of emptiness or absence began to be fashioned in a way which still surrounds us.

Jonathan Sawday leads the reader through the entire landscape of early modern print culture, discussing topics such as: space and silence; the exploration of the vacuum; the ways in which race and racial identity in early modern England were constructed by the language and technology of print; blackness and whiteness, together with lightness, darkness, and sightlessness; cartography and emptiness; the effect of typography on reading practices; the social spaces of the page; gendered surfaces; hierarchies of information; books of memory; pages constructed as waste or vacant; the genesis of blank forms and early modern bureaucracy; the political and devotional spaces of printed books; the impact of censorship; and the problem posed by texts which lack endings or conclusions. The book itself ends by dwelling on blank or empty pages as a sign of human mortality. Sawday pays close attention to the writings of many of the familiar figures in English Renaissance literary culture - Sidney, Shakespeare, Donne, Jonson, and Milton, for example - as well as introducing readers to a host of lesser-known figures. The book also discusses the work of numerous women writers from the period, including Aphra Behn, Ann Bradstreet, Margaret Cavendish, Lady Jane Gray, Lucy Hutchinson, Ã+melia Lanyer, Isabella Whitney, and Lady Mary Wroth.

https://academic.oup.com/book/46695/chapter-abstract/410195634?redirectedFrom=fulltext

Experiencing the Blank
https://academic.oup.com/book/46695/chapter-abstract/410191512?redirectedFrom=fulltext

Jul 20, 2023 — ... caret,” meaning “it lacks” or “it is wanting.” In print culture, the proofreader's mark (∧) indicating that a word (or words) needed to be ...
 
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Steven Avery

Administrator
Search Jonathan Sawday and Sinaiticus


 
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Steven Avery

Administrator
ESTS -
The Journal of the European Society for Textual Scholarship
https://journals.openedition.org/variants/

A Journal to review and consider

Brill - 2014
https://brill.com/display/title/31582

Researchgate
https://www.researchgate.net/public...ean_Society_for_Textual_Scholarship_1213_2016

Google (2013) VIEW
https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Journal_of_the_European_Society_for.html?id=TUUjAAAAQBAJ

"the journal of the european society " "textual scholarship"

“European society for textual scholarship”
(ESTS)
 
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Steven Avery

Administrator
Milne and Skeat p. 41-42

1 Corinthians 13
https://codexsinaiticus.org/en/manu...book=38&chapter=13&lid=en&side=r&zoomSlider=0

γεγονα χαλκοϲ ηχων η κυμβαλον
αλαλαζον κ(αι) εαν εχω προφητιαν κ(αι) ειδω τα
μυϲτηρια παντα κ(αι) παϲαν την γνωϲι
κ(αι) εαν εχω παϲαν την πιϲτιν ωϲτε ορη
μεθιϲταναι αγαπην δε μη εχω

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2 This system of opposed arrows is regularly used by the A correctors; the arrows in the upper margin point upwards, in the lower margin downwards, i.e. away from the text in each case, the corresponding arrows in the text pointing the opposite way. This, which is apparently the most ancient system (cf. E. A. Lowe, Codices Latini Antiquiores, i> 1934, p. 10), is found in e.g. P. Beatty VI (Numbers and Deuteronomy, early 2nd cent.), though some exceptions occur ; it is also used by the oldest correctors of the Vaticanus.

Elias Avery Lowe’
Ancient Latin Manuscripts

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