black iron gall ink degrades to brown
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Steven Avery
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“Iron-gall inks utilize a chemical reaction between a soluble iron (II) compound (such as iron (II) sulfate) and gallic acid or tannic acid (extracted from gallnuts or tree bark). The reaction produces an ink that turns black upon oxidation in air. Iron-gall ink degrades with time, changing its color to various shades of brown.” 42
42 Díaz Hidalgo et al. 2023, 2; Hahn et al. 2019; Krekel 1999, 54–55.
Díaz Hidalgo & Rafael Javier & Córdoba, Ricardo & Grigoryan, Hermine & Vieira, Márcia & Melo, Maria J. & Nabais, Paula & Otero, Vanessa & Teixeira, Natércia & Fani, Sara, & Al-Abbady, Hossam (2023): The Making of Black Inks in an Arabic Treatise by al-Qalalūsī Dated from the 13th c.: Reproduction and Characterisation of Iron-gall Ink Recipes, in Heritage Science 11/1, 7.
Hahn, Oliver & Nehring, Grzegorz & Freisitzer, Rudolf, & Rabin, Ira (2019): A Study on Early European Inks from St Paul in Lavanttal, in Gazette du livre médiéval 65/1, 58–81.
Krekel, Christoph (1999): The Chemistry of Historical Iron Gall Inks: Understanding the Chemistry of Writing Inks Used to Prepare Historical Documents, in International Journal of Forensic Document Examiners 5, 54–58.
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https://www.abk-stuttgart.de/personen/christoph-krekel.html
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So where Codex Sinaiticus has a black original ink, does that allow for two alternatives?
1) not an iron-gall ink
2) the “time” factor is relatively recent
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And I have dubbed this “super-ink”.
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https://www.facebook.com/groups/467217787457422/posts/1711706759675179/?comment_id=1711989936313528
“Iron-gall inks utilize a chemical reaction between a soluble iron (II) compound (such as iron (II) sulfate) and gallic acid or tannic acid (extracted from gallnuts or tree bark). The reaction produces an ink that turns black upon oxidation in air. Iron-gall ink degrades with time, changing its color to various shades of brown.” 42
42 Díaz Hidalgo et al. 2023, 2; Hahn et al. 2019; Krekel 1999, 54–55.
Díaz Hidalgo & Rafael Javier & Córdoba, Ricardo & Grigoryan, Hermine & Vieira, Márcia & Melo, Maria J. & Nabais, Paula & Otero, Vanessa & Teixeira, Natércia & Fani, Sara, & Al-Abbady, Hossam (2023): The Making of Black Inks in an Arabic Treatise by al-Qalalūsī Dated from the 13th c.: Reproduction and Characterisation of Iron-gall Ink Recipes, in Heritage Science 11/1, 7.
Hahn, Oliver & Nehring, Grzegorz & Freisitzer, Rudolf, & Rabin, Ira (2019): A Study on Early European Inks from St Paul in Lavanttal, in Gazette du livre médiéval 65/1, 58–81.
Krekel, Christoph (1999): The Chemistry of Historical Iron Gall Inks: Understanding the Chemistry of Writing Inks Used to Prepare Historical Documents, in International Journal of Forensic Document Examiners 5, 54–58.
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https://www.abk-stuttgart.de/personen/christoph-krekel.html
==========
So where Codex Sinaiticus has a black original ink, does that allow for two alternatives?
1) not an iron-gall ink
2) the “time” factor is relatively recent
=======
And I have dubbed this “super-ink”.
Last edited:
Steven Avery
Administrator
Sonaiticus
Syriacus Sinaiticus
Climaci Rescriptus
Masoretic
Syriacus Sinaiticus
Climaci Rescriptus
Masoretic
Steven Avery
Administrator
Christian Askeland post with my correction post on Climacti Rescriptus not Syriacus Sinaiticus
https://x.com/wesleylhuff/status/1774796163926892984?s=61&t=mQ59LWBk3qHD4zNvQYBdJw
https://x.com/grigory_kessel/status/1247219818866057217?s=61&t=mQ59LWBk3qHD4zNvQYBdJw
https://x.com/stevenaveryny/status/1705491367072354458?s=61&t=mQ59LWBk3qHD4zNvQYBdJw
https://x.com/stevenaveryny/status/1705484603656380887?s=61&t=mQ59LWBk3qHD4zNvQYBdJw
https://x.com/stevenaveryny/status/1758857816171810882?s=61&t=mQ59LWBk3qHD4zNvQYBdJw
https://x.com/wesleylhuff/status/1774796163926892984?s=61&t=mQ59LWBk3qHD4zNvQYBdJw
https://x.com/grigory_kessel/status/1247219818866057217?s=61&t=mQ59LWBk3qHD4zNvQYBdJw
https://x.com/stevenaveryny/status/1705491367072354458?s=61&t=mQ59LWBk3qHD4zNvQYBdJw
https://x.com/stevenaveryny/status/1705484603656380887?s=61&t=mQ59LWBk3qHD4zNvQYBdJw
https://x.com/stevenaveryny/status/1758857816171810882?s=61&t=mQ59LWBk3qHD4zNvQYBdJw
Last edited:
Steven Avery
Administrator
Here is a fascinating paragraph from the paper:
“Iron-gall inks utilize a chemical reaction between a soluble iron (II) compound (such as iron (II) sulfate) and gallic acid or tannic acid (extracted from gallnuts or tree bark). The reaction produces an ink that turns black upon oxidation in air. Iron-gall ink degrades with time, changing its color to various shades of brown.”
Yet there are many places where we see virtually jet-black ink on manuscripts (original ink or top-level of palimpsests or corrections) that are theorized to be over a millennium old.
If the statement above is correct, either they are not iron-gall ink (what are they?) or the dating of that manuscript or layer should be corrected.
“Iron-gall inks utilize a chemical reaction between a soluble iron (II) compound (such as iron (II) sulfate) and gallic acid or tannic acid (extracted from gallnuts or tree bark). The reaction produces an ink that turns black upon oxidation in air. Iron-gall ink degrades with time, changing its color to various shades of brown.”
Yet there are many places where we see virtually jet-black ink on manuscripts (original ink or top-level of palimpsests or corrections) that are theorized to be over a millennium old.
If the statement above is correct, either they are not iron-gall ink (what are they?) or the dating of that manuscript or layer should be corrected.
Steven Avery
Administrator
Facebook. Christian Askeland post
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Pohledy EMA
The Codex Sinaiticus Syriacus, known also as the Sinaitic Palimpsest, of Saint Catherine's Monastery is a late 4th-century manuscript of 358 pages, containing a translation of the four canonical...
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