abbreviations including nomina sacra

Steven Avery

Administrator
Andrews
https://christianpublishinghouse.co...s-what-are-the-nomina-sacra-and-their-origin/
1671987024266.png


nomen sacrum
θ̅ω̅ of 1 Corinthians 14:2 is referring to “God” the Father. - helping the reader differentiate between “God” the father and “god.” It is “God.”
ΚΣ or κυριος
κς (κύριος)
“spirit” (πνεύματι/π̅ν̅ι)
θς (θεός)
ι̅υ̅ χ̅υ̅ υ̅υ̅
Jesus (ιησους) = (ι̅η̅)
Jesus (ιησους) = (ι̅ς̅)

ιη (Ἰησσῦς) - Epistle of Barnabas , early
χρ (Χριστός),
and later by κς and θς, at about the time when the contracted forms ις and χς were adopted for the first two.

(IH)
(Iesous, Jesus).
Jehovah, could be designated in the Greek as
OKC
and
θC

OKC
ho kyrios with a definite article applying to Jesus,
PRA
(patera, father) and
Moses
(Moÿses, Moses). [3] Fragments of an Unknown Gospel, by Bell and Skeat, p. 2.

P Egerton 2
ΚΣ for κυριος (Kurios) = Lord
ΙΗ or ΙΗΣ for ιησους (lēsous) = Jesus
ΧΡ or ΧΣ or ΧΡΣ for χριστος (Christos) = Christ
ΘΣ for θεος (theos) = God
ΠΝΑ for πνευμα (pneuma) = Spirit


1672113573941.png

The early Christian writers had three different ways that they would pen a sacred name: (1) suspension, (2) contraction, and (3) longer contraction. The suspension is accomplished by writing only the first two letters of such sacred names as Jesus (ιησους) = (ι̅η̅) and suspending the remaining letters (σους). The contraction is accomplished by writing only the first and last letter of say Jesus (ιησους) = (ι̅ς̅) and removing the remaining letters (ησου).

After penning the suspension or contraction, the scribe would place a bar over the name. This practice of place a bar over the name was likely a carried over from the common practice of scribes placing bars above contractions, especially numbers, which were represented by letters, ΙΑ = eleven.

Again, the first four nominal sacra were (‘Jesus,’ ‘God,’ ‘Lord,’ and ‘Christ’) in the earliest extant manuscripts that we have.

Was the initial attempt with
OKC
the title for the father replacing the Tetragrammaton or sacred name יהוה in Greek without the definite article?

Christians used κυριος (kurios = Lord) in place of Yahweh (YHWH) and wrote it in nomen sacrum form.


In this additional fragment, a single use of a hooked apostrophe in between two consonants was observed, a practice that became standard in Greek punctuation at the beginning of the 3rd century; and this sufficed for some to revise the date of the Egerton manuscript.

all throughout the Christian church in its early centuries New Testament texts displayed the nomina sacra. Special notice was given to “Lord,” “Jesus,” “Christ,” “God,” and “Spirit.”

Some would suggest Lord (κυριος, kurios), written as ΚΣ was first in the line of the nomina sacra (as Philip Comfort would suggest), or Jesus (ιησους, Iēsous), written as ΙΗ (as Larry Hurtado suggests). I would tend to agree with Comfort, and for the same reason, he offers as well.

the first four nominal sacra were (‘Jesus,’ ‘God,’ ‘Lord,’ and ‘Christ’) in the earliest extant manuscripts that we have. It is possible that the personal name of the Father, Jehovah, could be designated in the Greek as
OKC
and
θC
and were the first attempts at the nomina sacra.[2]
[2] Nomina Sacra, by Traube, III, i, p. 32.

The Christian scribes soon thereafter expanded the list of abbreviations that included the following:
OKC
ho kyrios with a definite article applying to Jesus, not the Father? Followed by
(IH)
(Iesous, Jesus). Was the initial attempt with
OKC
the title for the father replacing the Tetragrammaton or sacred name יהוה in Greek without the definite article? Also,
θC
, the title for the father replacing the Tetragrammaton or sacred name יהוה in Greek?

Θεός
Κύριος
Ιησούς
Χριστός
Υιός
Πνεύμα
Δαυίδ
Σταυρός
Μήτηρ
I Θεοτόκος
Πατήρ
Ισραήλ
Σωτήρ
Άνθρωπος
Ιερουσαλήμ
Ούρανός

P. Chester Beatty VI, Numbers, Deuteronomy
P. Baden 4.56 (P. Heidelberg inv. 8), Exodus and Deuteronomy
P. Antinoopolis 7, Psalms
PSI 921, Psalms
P. Oxyrhynchus 1074, Exodus
P. Chester Beatty Papyrus VIII, Jeremiah
P. Chester Beatty Papyrus IX, Ezekiel, Daniel, Esther


Other Christian writings also use nomina sacra:


P. Geneva 253, Christian homily
P. Egerton 2, Unknown Gospel
P. Oxyrhynchus 405, fragment of Irenaeus
P. Oxyrhynchus 406, Christian homily

Puica
1672183648664.png

1672183737098.png

Figure 4. Codex Sinaiticus ( K or 01 Gregory), 4th century AD, Luke 1.25-56
( http://images.csntm.orgManuscripts/GA_01/GA01_029b.jpg or
CSP

Bob Waltz
1672186569776.png


1672186712927.png
 
Last edited:

Steven Avery

Administrator
Kenyon, Frederic G. "Abbreviations and Symbols in Greek Papyri", in The Palaeography of Greek Papyri, (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1897, 1899; repr; Chicago, Argonaut, 1970.), 128-130. [see Oikonomides]

Hieronymi chronicorum codicis floriacensis fragmenta, leidensia, parisina, vaticana phototypice edita. Praefatus est Ludovicus Traube (Latin Edition) (1923)
Ludwig Traube
https://www.abebooks.com/9781287805...codicis-floriacensis-fragmenta-1287805396/plp

An unknown Latin psalter on Mount Sinai (1955)
Elias Avery Lowe
https://www.persee.fr/doc/scrip_0036-9772_1955_num_9_2_2620
Different Sinaiticus
"Now the abbreviations in the Sinaiticus present a rather confusing picture. While the scribe seems to know a fairly full list of normal Carolingian abbreviations, he has forms unrecorded in our text-books, forms which..."

Abbreviations in Greek: Inscriptions: Papyri, Manuscripts and Early Printed Books, A Manual compiled by Al. N. Oikonomides from Monographs by Avi-Yonah, Kenyon, Allen, Ostermann and Giegengack. Chicago: Ares Publishers, Inc., 1974.
https://archive.org/details/abbreviationsing0000oiko
https://www.worldcat.org/search?q="...+Printed+Books"&qt=search_items&search=Search

Ilie Melniciuc Puica - Romanian scholar
http://www.ejst.tuiasi.ro/Files/23/01-21Melniciuc Ilie.pdf

The Gospel of Mark in Codex Sinaiticus: Textual and Reception-Historical Considerations (2008)
Peter Head
http://rosetta.reltech.org/TC/v13/Head2008.pdf

The early use of the "Nomina Sacra" - (2014)
Rudolph P. Boshoff
https://adlucem.co/church-history/the-early-use-of-the-nomina-sacra-by-rudolph-p-boshoff/
uses Larry Hurtado
THE ORIGIN OF THE NOMINA SACRA: A PROPOSAL (1998)
https://scholarlypublishingcollecti...mina-Sacra-A-Proposal?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Nomina Sacra: The Continuing Debate (2010)
https://larryhurtado.wordpress.com/2010/09/22/nomina-sacra-the-continuing-debate/

An Analysis of Composite Numerical Abbreviations in Codex Sinaiticus
Brice C. Jones
https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.see-j.net/index.php/SEE-J/article/download/93/87
https://www.see-j.net/index.php/SEE-J/article/view/93

The Shepherd’s Abbreviations in Codex Sinaiticus (2017)
Dan Batovici
https://www.academia.edu/35459627/T..._Codex_Sinaiticus_Biblische_Notizen_175_2017_
https://www.academia.edu/35459627/The_Shepherd_s_Abbreviations_in_Codex_Sinaiticus

CARM

Additional searches Google etc.

kai ligiture
https://www.ibiblio.org/bgreek/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2329

Bibliographies

Elliott
https://books.google.com/books?id=MH29BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA51
ttps://brill.com/display/book/9789004289680/B9789004289680_004.xml
 
Last edited:

Steven Avery

Administrator
A different Sinaiticus but very interesting.

An unknown Latin psalter on Mount Sinai (1955)
Elias Avery Lowe
https://www.persee.fr/doc/scrip_0036-9772_1955_num_9_2_2620

Elias Avery Lowe (1879-1969)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias_Avery_Lowe
1671970202977.png


1671970374200.png


My own acquaintance with the Ml. Sinai Psalter I owe to the Rev Dom J. Griboinont, the learned Benedictine scholar of San Girolamo, Rome
who is preparing a full and detailed study of the variant readings of the Sinaiticus in relation to the Veronensis (R) and the Roman Psalter; and
he has promised to deal also with the Calendar in a forth-coining article in Analecta Bollandiana.
 
Last edited:

Steven Avery

Administrator
Wikipedia on Sinaiticus

Nomina sacra with overlines are employed throughout. Some words usually abbreviated in other manuscripts (such as πατηρ and δαυειδ), are written in both full and abbreviated forms.

The following nomina sacra are written in abbreviated forms (nominative forms shown):

ΘΣ(θεος / god)
ΚΣ (κυριος / lord)
ΙΣ (Ιησους / Jesus)
ΧΣ (χριστος / Christ)
ΠΝΑ (πνευμα / spirit)
ΠΝΙΚΟΣ (πνευματικος / spiritual)
ΥΣ (υιος / son)
ΑΝΟΣ (ανθρωπος / man)
ΟΥΟΣ (ουρανος / heaven)
ΔΑΔ (Δαυιδ / David)
ΙΛΗΜ (Ιερουσαλημ / Jerusalem)
ΙΣΡΛ (Ισραηλ / Israel)
ΜΗΡ(μητηρ / mother)
ΠΗΡ (πατηρ / father)
ΣΩΡ (σωτηρ / saviour).[13]

Jongkind, Dirk (2007). Scribal Habits of Codex Sinaiticus. New Jersey: Gorgias Press LLC. ISBN 978-1593334222.
 
Top